Aaron Curtis' brontosaurus brain.

Physical characterization of geothermal ice caves on Erebus Volcano

Status: analyzing data, waiting for samples to arrive, planning for next season (Feb. 6, 2010, 1:41 a.m.)

In August 2009 I started working on a Master's degree in Geochemistry at New Mexico Tech. My project is to study the ice towers and caves which are melted into the ice by geothermal heating. There are over one hundred of these features distributed around the summit caldera of Erebus Volcano on Ross Island in Antarctica. Although a few other volcanoes have ice and firn caves formed by related processes (Mt Baker, Mt Washington, Mt Ranier), the ice caves and towers of Erebus are far more numerous, larger, and display a wider range of morphology than is seen on any other volcano in the world.

The questions of interest for me include: What are the mechanisms of cave and tower formation? What do the caves and towers tell us about the underlying geology? Do they result from a diffuse hydrothermal system? Is linear clustering of ice formations related to underlying geological features such as dikes or fractures associated with caldera collapse?

Update on Feb. 6, 2010, 1:41 a.m.: 2009-2010 field season succesfully completed

My first Antarctic field season was a blast and a scientific success. From November 25th through Jan 8th, I was on Ross Island in Antarctica. For most of that time I was up on Mt Erebus, going ice caving nearly every day with Nial Peters. We mapped five caves, installed seventeen continuous cave atmosphere monitoring systems, retrieved seven ice cores from tower walls, collected gas samples from the hot air vents in the cave floors, and took a wide range of biological samples. A BBC film crew (Chaddan, Gavin and Jason) caught us on camera for the upcoming series Frozen Planet, which is going to be absolutely stunning!

The ice cores and biological samples are en route to Socorro in freezer shipping / trucking at -20degC . I eagerly await their arrival, and am informed they will get here in March or April.

Gas samples were airfreighted and should get here any time now. However, we had major problems with gas bags leaking and deflating on Erebus so I will be pleasantly surprised if any of the gas makes it here intact.

In the meantime, I'm finishing the digitization of the cave maps and starting to look at our data. Live data is coming back from two loggers in ice caves; I'm working on making that data visible on www.erebuscaves.com in real-time.

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Room automation

Status: in progress (March 3, 2010, 2:06 a.m.)

802.15.4 radio, i.e. ZigBee / XBee is a great new technology and I want to play with it! I also think it would be fun to be able to control my space heater, electric blinds, and desk lamp from the internet. So, I'm plan to buy myself some XBee radios, a USB controller for one, some relays and try and put together such a system. I'll start with the space heater so that before leaving my office at New Mexico Tech I can fire up the heater via the internet and come home to a nice warm room. Next I plan to set up the blinds and maybe put those on a cron job to open and close them to make sure I get sun in during the day. A more ambitious project is motorizing my desk lamp so it swings over towards my bed for bedtime reading and back to my desk without me having to get up and do it manually.

Update on Feb. 20, 2010, 2:58 p.m.: Xbee kit arrived!

My Xbee starter kit from Trossen Robotics arrived a few days ago and I opened it today.

Update on March 3, 2010, 2:06 a.m.: Soldering Xbee explorer for breadboard

I sort of expected the Xbee Explorer regulated adaptor to stick right into a breadboard. It does have through-plated holes of the right spacing to work on a breadboard, but they have no pins in them. So I chopped some thick stiff wire off of ancient resistors and soldered them in to the GND, 5V, DOUT, DIN, and RSSI pins.

Note to self: GND: 40 DOUT:38 DIN: 37 RSSI: 34

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Cave exploration blimp

For several years I've dreamt of building a blimp to assist with cave exploration. Mapping caves in Austria with the Cambridge University Caving Club, we would often encounter "avens." These vertical shafts opening into holes in the ceiling usually require lots of arduous, technical caving to ascend. Since most avens are at least partially out of sight (commonly the ceiling is high enough to be out of view) there is no way of telling whether an aven leads to more passage until the hard work of ascending it has been accomplished.

Using a ballon containing buoyant gas attached to remote-controlled fans, a telemetered video camera, and a light, it would be possible to quickly scout these avens and decide whether they are worth ascending.

There are many challenges to overcome when constructing such a blimp. Since the radio connection will require line of sight, the blimp will be unable to go around corners and explore side passages unless some form of repeater is used (perhaps a second, "repeater blimp"). Transporting the blimp to the target aven is likely to involve narrow / crawly passages, in which case the blimp should probably be inflated at the target site from a compact bottle of compressed helium.

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why would the radio connection require line of sight, unless you're in a Faraday Cave? and how about one of these? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvRTALJp8DM But seriously, little helichoppers are getting pretty good. — Jason Curtis, Fri 25 Jun 2010
Woah!! Oh man that thing would make short work of mapping caves. As for the LOS thing, I'm not sure. I know radio doesn't make it far into limestone, but not sure how quickly it attenuates or why exactly. But for example under 1m of limestone I'm pretty sure you can't get GPS or talk to the surface with a walkie-talkie. — aaron, Tue 29 Jun 2010

Biological characterization of geothermal ice caves on Erebus Volcano

This is likely to be my PhD project, after I finish my master's! A pilot project has been started; see the physical characterization project for more info on this.

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personal website

Status: coding (April 2, 2011, 5:21 a.m.)

I plan to create a webpage with a canonical URL of www.aarongcurtis.com . It will serve as the center of my presence on the internet. There will be:

Update on Feb. 20, 2010, 2:58 p.m.: idea: boringness level

The journal on my page should have a slider or a set of radio buttons to control the verbosity. This would determine whether the user sees every detail in my journal (papers I read, talks I gave, etc). The highest boringness / verbosity level might be called "stalker mode."

This system would be implemented using HTTP GET requests and either AJAX or a page reload on changing the level.

As I would also like to have flexible RSS feeds from the website, the boringness level could be also encoded into the RSS URL.

Update on March 28, 2010, 6:48 p.m.: incorporating django-socialauth

I'm trying to install django-social auth from http://github.com/uswaretech/Django-Socialauth so that I can allow people to log in to the site using their google or facebook profiles. This way I can control access to things based on whether the person is my friend on facebook or in my gmail contact list.

Update on May 24, 2010, 6:23 a.m.: Incorporating jit from thejit.org

For the whoabouts page, I want to display information in an expandable tree or force-directed graph. The free utility at www.thejit.com looks great. I also need to install django-mptt, treebeard, or similar to generate trees from the database.

Update on April 2, 2011, 5:21 a.m.: Making my digiKam photo database live

Using my django-digikam application which is being developed at http://code.google.com/p/django-digikam/ , I want to have a zero-maintenance photo gallery on my website along with a time-sliceable map of photo locations. All metadata will remain in the digikam database and be read from there.

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Pylotine

Status: In progress (March 2, 2010, 12:51 p.m.)

I wanted to slice up [[image: howdoyoufeel]] for use on this website. GIMP has two useful features, guides and the guillotine, which almost do this for me automatically, but not quite. When you set guides on an image, guillotine will chop it up and save it as a different file for each rectangle. However, I want to take a 10 by 7 grid in a single image and turn it into 70 images. I could set 7 horizontal guides and 10 vertical guides by hand, but this would take a while.

So, as I usually do, I'm spending an even longer time writing a python script to do it for me. Probably a net loss of time, there is a corresponding gain in skillz and besides if I ever want to chop up an image again it I can do it instantly.

Update on March 2, 2010, 12:51 p.m.: writing the script

I ran into a few gotachas when writing this, my first GIMP python script. All of the gimp functions are in gimp.pdb, and there is a nice browser that you can get to from the GIMP python console to look through the pdb (procedural database) functions. They are all hyphenated, e.g. file-gif-load() loads a gif file. However, when you type this in python, it needs to be underscores instead of hyphens, e.g. file_gif_load().

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Handheld LiDAR

For those of you accustomed to modern LiDAR systems, this might sound impossible.

For those of you who aren't, LiDAR stands for Light Detection and Ranging and is a system where objects or landscapes are scanned with lasers to produce digital 3D models. A typical ground-based lidar system today weighs 20 to 40 lbs, costs half a million dollars, and contains fragile moving parts which must be carefully calibrated to produce useful data. Having said that, they are capable of collecting thousands of points every second with incredible accuracy.

I'd like to have a LiDAR system that I can carry in my pocket, for imaging cave chambers and passages. I don't need kilometer range or millimeter resolution, and I certainly don't have half a million dollars.

It turns out there's a device out there that almost fits the bill already. This is Beat Heeb's DistoX, http://paperless.bheeb.ch/ . Using an electronic compass, clinometer, and laser rangefinder, it knows where it's pointing and the distance to what it's looking at. It can store 2,000 readings or transmit readings to a PDA via bluetooth.

Beat's been kind enough to send me the firmware source code for the PIC on the DistoX, and has suggested how I can modify it to make the DistoX output a continuous stream of data. Once that's done, lidaring a cave room will simply be a matter of attaching the DistoX to a (non-ferromagentic) pole of some sort and manually sweeping it around the room.

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Xbee mod for HOBO dataloggers

I just set up a HOBO datalogger with a CO2 logger hooked up to one of the carboys to monitor our homebrew operation. It occurred to me how nice it would be to have wireless telemetry (poetry!) from the logger.

HOBO dataloggers, particularly the U12-008 tend to have extra space in their enclosures. I bet it wouldn't be too hard to stick an Xbee module in there and solder it up to some test points to wireless-enable your HOBO datalogger.

Hopefully I'll get around to doing this sometime.

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Web experiment: search for alert site admins

Web site administrators often record visitor's mouse positions and clicks, usually as a diagnostic tool to debug the user interface. The admin can literally form a picture (often using a colored image called a 'heatmap') of what on the page draws user attention, when they become confused, etc.

I thought it would be a fun project to seek out alert administrators by gently spamming their heatmap systems. A crude way to do this would be to write a script that would go to randomly selected websites, take control of the mouse, and "write" an email address or tinyurl on the page in mouse movements.

A better way would be to find a lower-level way of triggering mouse move events to produce the same effect without actually using a fully functioning web browser.

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Google shortfall

Here's an idea for Google labs, which they've probably already thought of. Just in case they haven't:

You could publish an automatically generated list of topics for which the web fails to satisfy user demand. A simple way to do this would be to check which frequently searched terms have disproportionately low numbers of results. Another would be to check which search terms the following even occurs most frequently: a user makes many similar searches and / or keeps trying different links for the same search terms.

Publishing such a list could inspire web entrepreneurship, direct investments in wise directions, etc.

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Pandora ad muter

It would be great to have a firefox plugin that mutes Pandora when the ads come on. The problem is detecting ads, but I suspect something can be found in the DOM to indicate the presence of a a new ad. An interesting challenge.

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PIC mini-fridge thermostat

Status: Testing (May 23, 2010, 1:40 p.m.)

Clark and I got a Kenmore mini-fridge from an Albuquerque Craigslister for cheap. It ran ok, but we soon found that the thermostat was overambitious -- even at the warmest setting it was keeping the fridge near freezing. We pulled the control unit apart and decided to replace the thermostat.

I thought this would make a good first PIC project for me, and so I set about building a thermostat using an LM335 temperature sensor, the PicKit2 low pin count demo board, a PIC16F688 microprocessor, and a big relay.

Having a digital programmable thermostat opens up many possibilities, particularly for brewing. For example, when lagering it's necessary to change the fermentation temperature at set points during fermentation. With a PIC in charge, it should be easy to program the fridge to change temperatures on specified dates.

Update on May 23, 2010, 1:40 p.m.: Thermostat working

This morning I installed my PIC thermostat in our Kenmore mini-fridge. For an initial test I've programmed it in C for the CCS compiler to kick the compressor on when the PIC analog to digital converter (ADC) reads a value above 580, and turn off the compressor when the PIC reads below 550. This should keep the fridge between 18 degrees C and 9 degrees C. The math is adc_output_v=(temp+273)*0.01)/rails_voltage*1024 . This is because :

  • the LM335 temperature sensor has a linear voltage response which is 0.01 V per degree Kelvin
  • Kelvin is centigrade + 273
  • The PIC16F688 ADC gives a 10-bit (1024 possible values) output proportional to the ratio between the measured voltage and the supply voltage.

For the voltage supply I'm using a little wall wart that plugs in to 110v and provides a usb power outlet (nominal 5V). I measured this and it seems to actually be 5.15V, and that's what I'm using in my calculations. Ideally I would have a regulator IC to provide a perfect 5V reference and get a more accurate temperature.

The wall wart is plugged into a normal 110V AC outlet inside the fridge that I wired to the supply for the light bulb that goes on when you open the door.

There's now a Tinytag Plus 2 temperature logger in the fridge to test the thermostat performance.

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Turbocharge my lava lamp

I want to try increasing the temperature gradient to see if I can drive crazy vigorous convection.

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Erebus caves DTS data analysis

Status: In progress (March 4, 2011, 5:34 p.m.)

Temperature profiles were collected in Warren Cave, a fumarolic ice cave on Mt Erebus. I need to analyses this data for spatial and temporal trends and patterns.

Update on March 4, 2011, 5:34 p.m.: Importing the DTS data into matlab

This was done using a python script which used the csv module to parse the .ddf files and save the resulting data as a matlab .mat file. The large volume of data meant that this took several hours to run.

Update on March 4, 2011, 5:34 p.m.: Cleaning the data using matlab

Much of the DTS data is meaningless because it has distances of less than 0m or greater than the end of our cable. I chopped off all data with distances smaller than 0m or greater than 927m using logical indexing in matlab. Then I converted the datetimes from two columns of integers to a datetime numbers by adding the integers, converting them all to strings and using datenum.

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Fridgeputer Abillion

Status: Done (April 17, 2011, 9:43 a.m.)

NOT YET PUBLISHED

Following the success of the <a href="/project/pic-mini-fridge-thermostat">PIC-based mini-fridge thermostat</a>, we here at the Allen Court Homebrewery decided to expand the operation, acquiring a full-size Maytag MTM1943ARW. After shelling out $50 to the emigrating neighbors we wrastled the fridge out their door, down the street and through ours.

The next step was to turn the fridge into an incubator capable of maintaining two 5-gallon carboys at a given fermenting temperature. These can range all the way from 7C (45F) to 32C (90F), but we mostly make ales, which are fermented around 17C (63F). After frustration stemming from incompatible code between the many PIC compilers I decided to use an Arduino instead. Much hacking ensued,

Update on April 17, 2011, 9:43 a.m.: Thermostat completed

todo

Update on April 17, 2011, 9:43 a.m.: Xbee radio added

todo

Update on April 17, 2011, 9:43 a.m.: Web interface created

todo

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Personal data plan

I would like to have the following workflow for most things I do (work and personal projects):

1. Plan an action using something like gqueues (sometimes with a date / time attached, sometimes not) 2. Record what I am working on, when (KDE activity logger?) 3. Publish everything useful on my website (hg browser)

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Social flight booking

Chances are that you, and most of the people you know, spend tens of hours in an airplane every year, sitting next to strangers. In those hours, you may have been on a plane with a long lost buddy, and not noticed. Flying with strangers, you might have had an interesting conversation or even made a meaningful connection with someone, but mostly you are lucky to make a "single serving friend." Quite often, you're probably next to someone you find mildly unpleasant, or worse.

I propose a way to fix this problem: a system of booking flight seats integrated with social networks, allowing passengers to decide where they sit, and also what flight they're on, based on the other people on that plane or in the seats nearby. Possible uses: - Group bookings (business travel, family) - Air dating - Avoiding a potentially unpleasant cabinmate

To begin with, I intend to implement this idea as a Facebook application. As passengers book flights, they may elect to share their flight information and seat location with a subset of their friend list, or possibly all of their Facebook friends.

To be truly successful, this idea would probably require airline cooperation and integration with online booking systems. Existing airlines are unlikely to get involved in such a risky paradigm change, but a new airline could capitalize on the concept. It is easy to imagine a succesful marketing campaign.

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Core memory dreamcatcher

A dreamcatcher woven from core memory.

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SOHO live KDE widget

A plasmoid that displays these, updated automatically: http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/data/realtime/realtime-update.html

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Add notes to log download in APM Planner

When downloading dataflash logfiles into the APM Mission Planner, it would be nice to be prompted for notes about each flight.

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Add mode to arducopter to re-set simple mode direction

Relying on the compass for direction means there will probably be some drift. My simple mode appears to always be a few degrees off after a few minutes of flying. It would be nice to be able to flick ch 7 to re-set the direction which counts as "forward" in simple mode.

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